Sisomicin: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, and Precautions

Sisomicin

Description:
Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used to treat a variety of severe bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Like other aminoglycosides, it works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, leading to bacterial cell death. Sisomicin is closely related to gentamicin and is used primarily for infections resistant to other antibiotics. It is most commonly administered in hospital settings.

Available Brand Names (examples include):

1. Sisocin
2. Sinomin
3. Micosin
4. Bactimosin
5. Sisogen

Available Forms and Strengths:

• Injection (IV/IM): 50 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL, 250 mg/2 mL

Uses:

• Severe Gram-negative bacterial infections, such as Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Proteus, and E. coli.
• Urinary tract infections (UTIs).
• Bone and joint infections.
• Intra-abdominal infections (e.g., peritonitis).
• Respiratory tract infections like hospital-acquired pneumonia.
• Sepsis and bacteremia (blood infections).
• Skin and soft tissue infections.

Side Effects:

• Nephrotoxicity (kidney damage), especially with prolonged use or high doses.
• Ototoxicity (hearing loss, balance disturbances), particularly affecting high-frequency sounds.
• Dizziness or vertigo.
• Neuromuscular blockade (muscle weakness, rare but serious).
• Local reactions at the injection site.
• Allergic reactions (rash, itching).

Dosage:

• Adults:
• IM/IV dose: 3-5 mg/kg/day divided into 2-3 doses.
• Duration is typically 7-10 days, depending on infection severity.
• Pediatric:
• Weight-based dosing similar to adults, with close monitoring for toxicity.

Contraindications:

• Hypersensitivity to sisomicin or other aminoglycosides.
• Renal impairment (requires dose adjustment).
• Myasthenia gravis (can worsen muscle weakness).
• Pregnancy (use with caution as aminoglycosides may harm the fetus).

Drug Interactions:

• Other nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., vancomycin, NSAIDs, amphotericin B) – increased risk of kidney damage.
• Loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide) – increased risk of ototoxicity.
• Neuromuscular blocking agents – may increase the risk of muscle paralysis.
• Cisplatin – may enhance the nephrotoxic effects of sisomicin.

Warnings/Precautions:

• Kidney function (serum creatinine) should be closely monitored during treatment, especially in patients with pre-existing kidney conditions.
• Hearing tests should be conducted regularly during prolonged therapy to detect early signs of ototoxicity.
• Serum drug levels should be monitored (peak and trough) to avoid toxic levels.
• Use with caution in the elderly, who are more susceptible to nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.
• Avoid prolonged therapy due to the risk of severe side effects.

Doctor’s Advice:

• Stick to the prescribed dosage and duration.
• Report any signs of hearing loss, dizziness, or kidney issues (e.g., changes in urine output) to your doctor immediately.
• Ensure regular monitoring of kidney function and drug levels if undergoing long-term treatment.
• Avoid using other nephrotoxic or ototoxic medications unless advised by your healthcare provider.

Would you like additional details on specific uses or clinical applications of Sisomicin?