Kanamycin
Description:
Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat serious bacterial infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, leading to bacterial cell death. Kanamycin is often used in specific circumstances, such as in multidrug-resistant infections or in combination with other antibiotics. It is available in several forms, including injectable and oral.
Available Brand Names (examples include):
- Kanamycin Sulfate
- Kantrex
- Kantex
- Kamycin
- Mycifradin
Available Forms and Strengths:
- Injection (IV/IM): 250 mg/mL, 500 mg/mL
- Oral Tablets: 250 mg, 500 mg
- Topical Powder: 0.1%
Uses:
- Severe Gram-negative bacterial infections, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Proteus.
- Tuberculosis (as part of a multidrug regimen).
- Preoperative bowel decontamination (often combined with other antibiotics).
- Intra-abdominal infections (e.g., peritonitis).
- Respiratory infections in specific cases.
- Skin infections (topically).
Side Effects:
- Nephrotoxicity (kidney damage), which can be severe with prolonged use.
- Ototoxicity (hearing loss or balance issues), especially with long-term therapy.
- Dizziness or vertigo.
- Neuromuscular blockade (muscle weakness, rare but serious).
- Allergic reactions (rash, itching).
- Gastrointestinal disturbances (when taken orally).
Dosage:
- Adults:
- IM/IV dose: 15-30 mg/kg/day divided into 2-3 doses.
- Tuberculosis: 15 mg/kg/day.
- Oral dose: 1 gram per day for bowel decontamination.
- Pediatric:
- Weight-based dosing similar to adults, with close monitoring for toxicity.
- Topical: Applied to affected areas 1-2 times daily.
Contraindications:
- Hypersensitivity to kanamycin or other aminoglycosides.
- Renal impairment (requires dose adjustment).
- Myasthenia gravis (may worsen muscle weakness).
- Pregnancy (use with caution due to potential harm to the fetus).
Drug Interactions:
- Other nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., vancomycin, amphotericin B) – increased risk of kidney damage.
- Loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide) – increased risk of ototoxicity.
- Neuromuscular blocking agents – may enhance muscle paralysis.
- Cisplatin – may increase the nephrotoxic effects of kanamycin.
Warnings/Precautions:
- Kidney function should be monitored throughout treatment.
- Regular hearing tests are recommended during long-term use to detect early signs of ototoxicity.
- Serum drug levels (peak and trough) should be monitored to avoid toxicity.
- Use with caution in the elderly due to the increased risk of severe side effects.
- Avoid long-term or excessive use to minimize the risk of adverse effects.
Doctor’s Advice:
- Follow the prescribed dosage carefully and complete the full course of treatment.
- Report any signs of hearing loss, dizziness, or changes in urine output immediately.
- Regular monitoring is essential, including kidney function and drug levels.
- Avoid using other nephrotoxic or ototoxic drugs unless directed by your healthcare provider.
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