Nalidixic Acid is a first-generation quinolone antibiotic used primarily to treat urinary tract infections. Here’s an overview:
Description
Nalidixic acid is a synthetic antibiotic that inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase, an enzyme essential for DNA replication in bacteria. It primarily targets Gram-negative bacteria.
Brand Names
- NegGram
- Nalidixic Acid (generic)
- Quinaldine
- Nall
- Nalidix
Available Forms & Strengths
- Tablets: Typically available in 250 mg and 500 mg strengths.
Uses
- Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
- Cystitis
- Pyelonephritis (complicated cases)
- Prostatitis (in certain cases)
- Gastrointestinal Infections (e.g., enteritis caused by certain bacteria)
- Respiratory Tract Infections (less common, mainly when caused by susceptible organisms)
Side Effects
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Rash
- Headache
- Dizziness
Dose
- Typically: 500 mg to 750 mg every 6 to 8 hours, depending on the severity of the infection and the patient’s condition.
Contraindications
- Allergy to Nalidixic Acid or other quinolones.
- Pregnancy: Not recommended due to potential risks to the fetus.
- Children: Generally not used in children under 3 months due to potential adverse effects on developing joints.
- Severe Renal Impairment: Dose adjustment may be required.
Warnings
- Tendon Damage: Risk of tendonitis and tendon rupture, particularly in older adults and those on corticosteroids (less relevant compared to newer quinolones but still a caution).
- Seizures: Risk of seizures in susceptible individuals.
- Photosensitivity: Increased sensitivity to sunlight, which can lead to severe sunburn.
- Peripheral Neuropathy: Risk of nerve damage, leading to symptoms like numbness or tingling.
- Drug Interactions: Can interact with other medications, including anticoagulants and some antidiabetic drugs.
Consult a healthcare provider for specific advice and treatment tailored to individual health conditions.
